Vaccination: Complete Guide and Obligations (2026)

Vaccination in Spain refers to the set of legal obligations imposed on residents, including expatriates, to ensure public health. In 2026, mandatory vaccines include those against measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and tetanus, with a vaccination coverage of 95% required for school entry.

What are the vaccination obligations in Spain in 2026?

In 2026, Spain requires that all children entering the school system be vaccinated against certain diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), and tetanus. Vaccination coverage must reach at least 95% to ensure herd immunity. Expatriate adults must also be up to date with their vaccinations according to their previous vaccination status.

The Spanish government has implemented a rigorous vaccination program to ensure public health and protect the population against outbreaks. Regulations are strict, and non-compliance with vaccination obligations can lead to sanctions such as being barred from enrollment in public schools.

Spain, like many European countries, has strengthened its vaccination laws in response to an increase in measles outbreaks in recent years. This measure aims to protect not only children but also vulnerable populations who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons.

What vaccines are recommended for expatriates in Spain?

In addition to mandatory vaccines, expatriates are advised to get vaccinated against influenza, hepatitis A and B, and meningitis. These vaccines are particularly recommended for those planning to travel frequently outside of Spain or work in high-risk environments.

Influenza vaccination is strongly recommended, especially during the winter season, which runs from November to March in Spain. Vaccination against hepatitis A and B is advised due to the prevalence of these viruses in certain tourist areas.

Expatriates working in healthcare or in regular contact with children should consider additional vaccinations to protect themselves and those they interact with. These vaccinations are not mandatory but are strongly encouraged by health authorities.

How to update your vaccination record?

To update your vaccination record in Spain, you need to consult a general practitioner. Expatriates can visit any public health center where basic vaccinations are often free for registered residents. An appointment with a private doctor may cost between 60€ and 100€ for a consultation.

It is important to keep a digital copy of your vaccination record. Many health services in Spain now offer online options to track vaccination appointments and status updates.

For expatriates coming from countries where vaccination records are not in a standardized format, it is recommended to have their documents checked and updated upon arrival. This can facilitate access to health services and avoid administrative complications.

💡 Good to know

The vaccines administered in Spain are recorded in the national health system. Be sure to keep an up-to-date copy of your vaccination record for any administrative procedures.

What documents are needed to prove your vaccination status?

Expatriates must provide an official vaccination record or a medical certificate attesting to their vaccination status. These documents must be translated into Spanish to be accepted by local authorities. Consider using certified translation services to avoid any complications.

In addition to the vaccination record, Spanish authorities may request a document from the country of origin confirming that the vaccines were administered according to international standards. This document can be provided by the treating physician or the vaccination center in the country of origin.

Expatriates should also keep in mind that some employers in Spain may require proof of vaccination for certain positions, particularly in the healthcare and education sectors. Having up-to-date documents can facilitate the hiring process.

What to do in case of a medical contraindication to vaccines?

If you have a documented medical contraindication to certain vaccines, it is essential to provide a medical certificate detailing the reasons for this contraindication. Spanish authorities may require additional examinations to validate these exemptions.

It is recommended to contact a doctor in Spain to discuss available alternatives and ensure that all exemptions are properly documented. Spanish health authorities are attentive to specific needs but insist on solid justifications.

Families with children who have medical contraindications should also anticipate and discuss possible accommodations with schools for enrollment and participation in school activities.

⚠️ Attention

Failure to comply with vaccination obligations in Spain can lead to sanctions, such as being barred from enrollment in public schools for unvaccinated children.

Where to get vaccinated in Spain?

Expatriates can get vaccinated at public or private health centers. Vaccinations at public centers are often free or low-cost for residents. Private centers generally offer more flexible hours, but costs are higher.

Large cities like Madrid and Barcelona offer many options for vaccination, with specialized health centers for expatriates. These centers may also provide services in English to facilitate the process for those who do not yet speak Spanish.

Rural areas may have fewer vaccination centers, so expatriates are advised to plan ahead and check the availability of services in their area of residence. Local pharmacies may also offer some seasonal vaccines, such as the flu vaccine.

How to prepare for expatriation to Spain with children?

For families with children, it is crucial to check vaccination requirements before moving to Spain. Contact potential schools to learn about their specific policies. Ensure that your children's vaccinations are up to date and comply with Spanish regulations.

Parents should also ensure that children understand the importance of vaccinations for their own health and that of others. Educational programs and online resources can help explain these concepts in an age-appropriate manner.

It is also advisable to consult a local expert to navigate the administrative procedures related to settling in. An expert can provide valuable information about the local health system and help establish a support network for newcomers.

For expatriate adults, there are no mandatory vaccines at the national level in Spain, but keeping up to date with basic vaccines such as MMR, tetanus, and diphtheria is strongly recommended. Expatriates should also consider additional vaccines based on their health status and country of origin.

In public health centers, many basic vaccines are indeed free for registered residents in Spain, including expatriates. In private facilities, costs may vary, and it is advisable to check prices before visiting.

To prove vaccination status at school, it is necessary to provide an official vaccination record or a medical certificate translated into Spanish. Schools may require these documents at the time of enrollment for new admissions, and parents must ensure that all documents are complete and up to date.

If a particular vaccine is not available, expatriates should consult their doctor to discuss possible alternatives or consider getting it administered during a trip to their country of origin. It is also helpful to consult Spanish health authorities for information on availability timelines.

In general, children must comply with the vaccination schedule to be admitted to public schools in Spain. However, exemptions may be granted for medical reasons with appropriate documentation. Parents should discuss options with school administrations before enrollment.

Sources

• SEPE
• Social Security
• National Police — NIE
• Secretary of State for Migration
• CFE — French Citizens Abroad Fund
• France Travail International